MPPM课程介绍

本教育项目共设置12门（35个学分）课程，均为专业核心课程。

1. NRRT 630：Protected Areas and Global Conservation（保护区与全球环境保护）

This course provides the essential background that protected area managers need in order to communicate with a variety of audiences about the history and evolution of PAs and the important ecosystem services (cultural, emotional, utilitarian, and ecological) that protected areas provide. The history and status of international agreements that support protected areas and biological conservation will provide context for the role of individual and systems of protected areas. Participants will expand their understanding of management by objectives by studying international categories of protected areas, including those outlined by the World Conservation Union (IUCN). International and national level targets for biodiversity conservation and the methods used to evaluate the progress towards these targets (including gap analysis) will empower students as leaders in reaching these goals.

Students will learn the fundamentals of conservation biology and apply these ecological concepts to the design and management of protected areas. Students will be introduced to population dynamics, species niches, and habitat requirements. In addition, the positive economic benefits of PAs will be discussed along with methods to further these benefits.

该课程旨在为保护区管理者提供与不同群体进行宣传沟通所需的保护区背景知识，包括保护区的历史与演化、保护区提供的生态系统服务功能（文化功能、情感功能、应用功能以及生态功能）。保护区的历史、国际社会就支持保护区建设及生物保护达成共识的客观现实为单个保护区以及保护区系统发生积极作用和影响提供了宏观的背景。

学生通过学习国际组织世界保护联盟（IUCN）的保护区体系分类及其保护目标来扩大他们对保护区管理的理解。学生们也会学习国际及国家层级的生物多样性保护目标、评估达至这些保护目标的进展（包括差距分析）的方法，提升学生的领导力以达成保护区保护目标项目。学生要学习掌握保护生物学的基础知识和基本原理，并能将这些生态学概念和理论应用于保护区的设计和管理工作实践。学生要理解种群动力学、种群生态位、生境等知识；要能把握保护区对区域的积极经济影响，以及如何扩大保护区的经济作用。

Textbook: Worboys, G., Lockwood, M., Kothari, A., Feary, S., and Pulsford, I. 2015. Protected Area Governance and Management. Canberra: ANU Press. 992 pp. ISBN (online): 9781925021691.

教材：保护区治理与管理

Faculty: Dr. Stuart P.Cottrell

教师：斯图尔特 P. 科特雷尔博士

2. NRRT 631：Protected Area Planning and Management（保护区规划与管理）

Successful protected area management is facilitated by forward-thinking systems design, efficient allocation of resources and personnel, and timely and appropriate responses to changes in conditions, all of which rely on effective planning. Nevertheless, the development of realistic plans with clear and measurable objectives, thresholds for action, and procedures for implementation is an ongoing challenge for managers. This course will demystify the essential logic common to all good planning, deconstruct the elements of different planning frameworks, and give students the tools to apply those frameworks at a range of levels and in a variety of situations. Through hands-on learning, students will gain competence at participatory planning methods, development of implementation schedules, adaptive management, and evaluation of management effectiveness.

前瞻性的系统设计、有效的资源配置、及时恰当的变化应对，对保护区的成功管理至关重要。而所有这些都依赖于有效的保护区规划。对保护区管理者来说，制定符合实际情况、规划目标清晰可测、有行动门槛、实施步骤的保护区规划，这是一个持续的挑战。本门课程就将揭开优秀的保护区规划的共同本质逻辑，解构不同规划框架的要素，并为学生提供在不同层次和不同情况下应用这些规划框架的工具。通过实际操作，学生将获得参与性规划方法、编制实施方案、适应性管理、评估管理效率的能力。

Textbook: Worboys, G., Lockwood, M., Kothari, A., Feary, S., and Pulsford, I. 2015. Protected Area Governance and Management. Canberra: ANU Press. 992 pp. ISBN (online): 9781925021691.

教材：保护区治理与管理

Faculty: Donnelly Maureen

教师：唐纳利·莫林

3. NTEC 601：Tourism Development in Protected Areas （自然保护区的旅游开发与利用）

Through the study of this course, students will be able to master the basic theory and knowledge of tourism development and utilization of nature reserves. This course will enable students to master the investigation and evaluation methods of tourism resources in nature reserves, master the skills of tourism resource development and planning, and improve the ability of analyzing and solving practical problems. Students can combine the general principle and practice of tourism development in nature reserves through the analysis of practical cases of tourism development and utilization in nature reserves.

通过本课程的学习，将使学生能够掌握自然保护区旅游开发与利用的基本理论和基本知识。使学生掌握自然保护区旅游资源调查与评价方法，并掌握旅游资源开发与规划技能，提高分析和解决实际问题的能力。使学生能通过具体的自然保护区旅游开发与利用的实际案例分析，将自然保护区旅游开发的一般原理与实践结合起来。

Textbook: Mei Y. Research on the Protective Development of Tourism Geological Resources in Nature Reserves. Beijing: Science Press, 2016.

教材：自然保护区旅游地学资源保护性开发研究

Faculty: Xingming Li，Xiang Zhang

教师：李星明，张祥

4. NTEC 602：Ecosystem Services Monitoring and Evaluations in Protected Areas（保护区自然生态系统服务功能监测与评估）

Ecosystem goods and services produce the many life-sustaining benefits we receive from the protected areas – clean air and water, fertile soil, greenhouse gas sequestration, etc. This course focuses on the monitoring and evaluations of ecosystems services of the protected areas, specifically: (1) plot-level monitoring data collection in protected areas (i.e. soil and water quality, biodiversity, etc.); (2) large scale ecosystem monitoring using remote sensing data; (3) ecosystem service assessments for the protected areas. This course will use examples from around the world (i.e. the world’s first national park - Yellowstone, Canada’s Banff National Park, protected areas in the tropics and African countries, etc.) to illustrate the application of concepts and methods. Special needs and challenges in China’s protected areas will also be introduced and discussed. After this course, students’ will have a global view of protected area conservation and resource management and understand the issues and principals in monitoring and evaluating ecosystem services in protected areas.

自然保护区为我们提供了维持生命所需要的大量产品和生态系统服务功能 – 清洁的空气和水，肥沃的土壤，温室气体的固定等。本课程聚焦保护区生态系统服务功能的监测与评估，具体体现在：（1）保护区中样地尺度的监测数据收集（如土壤和水质，生物多样性等）；（2）基于遥感数据的大尺度生态系统监测；（3）保护区生态系统服务功能评估。本课程将使用全球著名的自然保护区（如美国黄石国家公园，加拿大班夫国家公园及非洲、环赤道地区的保护区等）作为案例，阐述自然保护生态系统服务功能的概念、评估方法和应用。我们同时会着重介绍与讨论中国自然保护区所面临的需求与挑战。在完成本课程之后，学生将会了解全球自然保护区的保护与资源管理现状，并对自然保护区生态系统服务功能的监测与评估中的原则及面临的问题有更加深入的理解。

Textbook: Lockwood, M., Worboys, G. and Kothari, A. Managing Protected Areas: A Global Guide (1^st Edition) . London, UK/Sterling, VA, USA: Earthscan, 2006. ISBN-10: 1844073025

教材：管理保护区:全球指南（第一版）

Faculty: Feng Zhao, Danxia Song, Man Qi, Tian Xia

教师：赵峰，宋旦霞，齐曼，夏天

5. NRRT 634：Protected Area History, Policy, Governance, and Finance （保护区的历史、政策、治理与财政）

This course introduces how protected area law, policy, governance, and finance has evolved and is implemented at local, regional, national, and international levels. The course will address how laws and policies on issues such as energy and mining, agriculture, tourism, national security, transportation, and land and sea use affect protected areas. Students will learn how governmental institutions, multilateral agencies, non-governmental organizations, academia, the private sector, and civil society interact in formulating and implementing protected area laws and policies and in shared governance and partnerships. Students will explore how conflicting political, economic, and social interests and values vie for influence and exert power in the realm of protected area policy, as well as how science plays a role in the policy process and competes with other, frequently powerful, policy-shaping forces. The global nature of many environmental challenges means Protected Area Managers also need to understand key actors, processes, and institutions involved in international policy, governance, and finance. We will review global conventions, organizations, and programs on issues such as biodiversity loss, climate change, conservation of natural and cultural heritage, and management of the world’s wetlands, wildlife, fisheries, and oceans. Finally, we will review the many ways protected areas agencies generate revenue, access and use government budgets, and obtain additional resources from other sources to be able to fulfill their mandates.

本课程将介绍保护区法律、政策、治理和金融的发展情况，以及如何在地方、区域、国家和国际各级保护区实施。本课程将探讨与能源和采矿、农业、旅游业、国家安全、运输以及土地和海洋利用等问题相关的法律和政策如何对保护区造成影响。学生将通过此课程学习政府机构、多边机构、非政府组织、学术界、私营部门和民间社会如何在制定和执行保护区法律和政策及共享治理的过程中进行合作。学生将探索政治、经济、社会利益与价值观之间的冲突，在保护区政策制定时如何权衡其影响，以及科学如何在政策制定过程中发挥作用并与其他重要考量因素互相竞争。许多全球性的环境挑战意味着保护区的管理者也需要了解并涉及相关国际政策、治理和财政的关键人、进程和机构。我们将回顾有关生物多样性丧失、气候变化、自然和文化遗产保护以及世界湿地、野生动植物、渔业和海洋管理等问题的全球公约、组织和项目。最后，我们将讨论保护区机构创收、获取和使用政府预算以及从其他来源获得额外资源以完成其任务的多种方式。

Textbook: Worboys, G., Lockwood, M., Kothari, A., Feary, S., and Pulsford, I. 2015. Protected Area Governance and Management. Canberra: ANU Press. 992 pp. ISBN (online): 9781925021691.

教材：保护区治理与管理

Faculty: Gruby Rebecca

教师：格鲁比·瑞贝卡

6. NRRT 635：Protected Area Infrastructure and Emerging Technology （保护区基础设施与新兴技术）

This course will provide students with knowledge, skills, and competencies needed to plan, create, manage, and maintain infrastructure in protected areas. Infrastructure plays an important role in protected areas and utilizes a large portion of developmental and operational costs. It provides access for visitors, resource protection, as well as safety and experiential opportunities. Roads, trails, buildings, energy, waste management, interpretation structures, and communication are but a few elements of infrastructure that all protected area professionals must understand. Students will acquire hands-on experience in the planning and implementation of on-the-ground projects, development strategies, site analysis, contractor and volunteer management, as well as monitoring and maintenance programs. The course will expose student to existing and emerging technologies that can aid protected area managers in achieving their goals (i.e. GIS, telemetry, camera traps, drones, SMART, etc.).

本课程有助于学生掌握规划、建造、管理、维护保护区基础设施所需的知识、方法和技能。基础设施在保护区发挥着重要作用，占用了很大一部分开发和运营成本。保护区基础设施为游客提供访问、资源保护以及安全保障和体验机会。道路、游径、建筑、能源、废弃物管理、旅游环境解说设施、通讯通信设施是保护区专业人员都需了解的基础设施，而它们只是保护区基础设施中极小的一部分。学生应能掌握保护区地面基础设施项目的规划和实施、开发战略、场地分析、承包商与志愿者管理、项目监理和维护的实践经验。本课程将让学生接触到可以帮助保护区管理者实现其目标的现有和新兴技术（如GIS、遥测技术、相机陷阱、无人机、智能技术等）。

Textbook: Manfredo, Michael et al. Wildlife Viewing, A Management Handbook. Oregon State University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-87071-548-8.

教材：野生动物观赏管理手册

Faculty: Wurz James

教师：伍兹·詹姆士

7. NTEC 603：Ecological and Social Impacts of Nature-based Tourism （自然旅游的生态和社会影响与调控）

The purpose of this course is to enable students to acquire the knowledge, methods and skills needed to manage and regulate the impact of natural tourism, and on this basis, to think deeply about the sustainable development of tourism. Through the study of this course, students can understand the concept and basic theory of natural tourism, master the academic methods of observing and measuring the ecological and social impact of natural tourism, explore the regulation and control mode of its impact, form a broad vision and practical ability of tourism research, and improve the academic research ability. Through the study and analysis of different cases, students can master the similarities and differences of the impact of natural tourism in different regions on the ecological and social environment, and be able to diagnose the environment of natural tourism destinations, so as to put forward targeted suggestions and measures of regulation. It will lay a foundation for the students of this major to engage in tourism planning and management in the future. In addition, the content of this course also includes natural tourism and environmental education, which provides more thinking and research directions for the effective management of natural tourism. This course will also combine case-based learning with hot topics in the development of natural tourism in China and even overseas, so that students can have more thinking and innovation while mastering new knowledge.

本课程旨在让学生获取对自然旅游的影响进行管理、调控所需的知识、方法和技能，并在此基础上对旅游业如何才能可持续发展进行深入思考。通过本课程的学习，理解自然旅游的概念和基本理论，掌握观察和量度自然旅游的生态和社会影响的学术方法，探讨其影响的调控方式，形成旅游研究的宽阔视野和实践能力，提升学术研究能力。课程通过对不同案例地的学习分析，让学生掌握不同地域自然旅游对生态与社会环境影响的异同，并能够对自然旅游地进行环境诊断，从而有针对性地提出调控的建议与措施。为本专业学生未来从事旅游规划、管理工作奠定基础。此外，本课程的内容还包括自然旅游与环境教育，为自然旅游的有效管理提供更多的思考与研究方向。本课程也会通过将案例地学习与当前我国乃至海外自然旅游发展中的热点议题相结合，使学生在掌握新知识的同时能够产生更多的思考与创新。

Textbook: Newsome, D. and Moore, S. A. Natural Area Tourism: Ecology，impacts and management[M]. Sichuan: Sichuan University Press, 2020.

教材：自然旅游学：生态、影响与管理

Faculty: Juan Feng ；Xiaofang Wang

教师：冯娟，王晓芳

8. NRRT 637：Leadership, Management, and Protected Areas （领导力、管理与保护区）

This course will provide students with knowledge, skills, and competencies needed to think broadly about leadership and leadership development at the individual and organizational levels. It is designed to ensure an understanding of key concepts and approaches to leadership and an ability to compare and contrast them with management concepts and approaches. Students will acquire hands-on experience in the development of their own personal leadership plan and consider how the approach we use could be replicated in future work groups to build cohesion and focus on the development of leadership and management skills of teams of colleagues and employees. In addition, critical management and leadership topics such as building inclusivity and equity in protected area institutions and managing people and teams effectively will be presented. The role of volunteers and managing volunteer programs, institutional hiring options, and the role of capacity development will be featured. New and emerging topics in leadership and management will also be included and case studies presented will be linked to current topics in protected area management and conservation.

本课程旨在让学生获得从个人及组织水平上广泛思考领导力和领导力养成所需的知识、方法和技能。本课程确保能让学生能很好地理解领导力的核心概念和领导力养成的方法，并有能力将其与管理理论和方法来进行比较分析。本课程旨在让学生获得制定个人领导力规划的实践经验，将所用方法施展于未来的工作团队以形成团队合力、养成领导力及团队管理、员工管理技能的思考能力。此外，本课程的内容也包括关键管理和领导力议题（如培养包容性、保护区机构平等、有效的人力和团队管理等），志愿者和志愿者管理项目、机构聘用机会、能力发展等。本课程也会通过将案例学习与当前保护区管理和保护中的热点话题相结合，使学生掌握和理解领导力及管理领域中的一些新话题。

Textbook: Kouzes, James M.; Posner, Barry Z. (2002). The Leadership Challenge.  Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass.

教材：领导艺术的挑战

Faculty: Dr. Salerno Jon；Dr. Knight David

教师：塞乐罗·乔恩；戴维·莱特

9. NTEC 604：Big Data Processing and Analysis for Protected Area Management  （基于大数据处理与分析的自然保护区管理）

Management decisions for protected areas should be guided by the best available information. Managers must take into consideration existing protected area frameworks while understanding both the social and ecological context to the challenges facing their protected areas. This course presents methods and examples for processing and analyzing big geospatial data to inform management decisions, especially when working with buffer zone communities and stakeholders. Students will have the ability to process and analyze common geospatial data used in protected area management, with several well-designed themes around key ecosystem components in the protected area, such as forest health, biodiversity, air quality, water quality, soil fertility, and so on. Students will learn how to effectively manage data to transform information into action on the ground.

自然保护区的管理决策应该基于我们所能获取的最完善的信息体系。保护区管理者不仅需要考虑保护区现有的管理体系框架，还要对保护区所面临的社会和生态挑战有所理解。本课程针对保护区管理决策，提供了资源环境大数据处理方面所需的方法和实践案例，尤其是涉及保护区周边缓冲区和相关人员利益的分析。学生将在几个精心设计的围绕保护区关键生态系统过程的主题教学中，如森林健康，生物多样性，空气质量，水质，土壤肥力等，学习如何处理和分析在保护区管理中常见的地理空间数据。学生将学习如何有效地管理自然保护区中可能涉及到的大数据，并将其中得到的信息转化为实践中的决策。

Textbook: Learning materials and data will be provided by instructors.

教材：课程资料与相关数据资源将由老师提供。

Faculty: Wenxia Tan, Jie Zhou, Jian Fang, Xiran Li

教师：谭文霞，周杰，方建，李溪然

10. NRRT 639：SEMINAR: Emerging Threats and New Frontiers in Protected Area Management （研讨课：保护区管理中的新领域和新威胁）

This course examines emerging threats and frontiers in protected areas that managers will have to confront. Issues such as climate change, invasive species, novel ecosystems, mega-development projects, lack of sustainable funding, and exclusivity will be addressed as important challenges to protected areas. Students practice methods and tools to address these threats and ensure the protection of the natural resource base. Through case studies student will engage in a scenario and action planning process to evaluate proposed mitigation strategies including compensation for ecosystem services, citizen science, and decarbonization. Recent developments in protected area management such as protection of night skies and natural sounds will be explored.

该课程旨在探讨管理者不得不面对的保护区新兴威胁和新问题。气候变化、物种入侵、新型生态系统、大型开发项目、缺乏可持续资金以及排他性因素等问题都是保护区面临的重要挑战。学生应掌握解决这些威胁、确保保护区自然资源基底保护的方法技能及具体实践能力。通过案例学习，学生应能结合某一情境和行动规划过程，评估给出的保护区威胁消除战略，包括生态系统服务补偿 、公民科学和去碳化战略。保护区夜空保护、自然之音保护等新问题也会在课程中进行探讨。

Textbook: A variety of journal articles, international publications, and planning documents will be used to support class lectures and provide case studies.

教材：相关期刊文章，国际刊物，规划文件

Faculty: Dr. Gavin Michael；Dr. Jones Kelly

教师：麦克·盖文；凯莉·琼斯

11. NRRT 640：Protected Area Communication（保护区沟通）

This course is designed to empower protected area managers with the tools and specific approaches that will enable them to communicate effectively with diverse audiences about the objectives of their protected areas. This course includes communication and message planning, audience analysis, development of specific communication strategies, communication outreach and engagement, and evaluation of communication efforts. Specific communication approaches such as thematic interpretation, environmental education, engaging the media, and social media, will all be developed with detailed content, case studies, and student projects. Each unit will focus on a specific protected area. Towards the end of the course we will discuss communication good practice that applies to a protected area system as a whole. In addition, effective team communication will be discussed, as a tool for improving overall management effectiveness and for improved coordination in overall message dissemination with the public.

该课程旨在增强保护区管理者与不同听众就保护区管理目标进行有效沟通的技巧及特定方法。本课程包括通信与信息规划、听众分析、特定沟通战略开发、宣传外联和沟通参与、沟通效果评估。本课程将通过详细的内容讲解、案例学习和学生学习项目帮助学生掌握和形成特定的沟通方法，这些方法如主题讲解、环境教育、吸引媒体参与、社交媒体等。本课程的每一单元都会聚焦于一个特定的保护区。学期末时，学生会一起来讨论应用于保护区综合系统的好的沟通实例。此外，本课程也会探讨有效团队沟通问题，因为有效的团队沟通是提升整体管理效果、提升与公众的协作来进行信息传播的工具。

Textbook: Brochu, L.; Merriman, T. (2002). Personal Interpretation. Singapore: National Association for Interpretation.

教材：个人解读

Faculty: Jerry Vaske; Teel Tara

教师：杰瑞·瓦斯科；蒂尔·塔拉

12. NTEC 605：Smart Technologies and Application in Protected Arears  （自然旅游中的智慧技术及其应用）

This course aims to enable students to understand the general situation, dynamics and trends of smart tourism, master the HTML language, analyze the DOM structure of the UGC travel website, and use the Huochetou Data collector software to analyze the travel data from UGC websites. It also includes the use of Python-based word categorization methods to collect and classify traveler generated content. Through case analysis, students can master the framework of major big data platforms in the tourism industry through mobile phone signaling data in the 5G era, tourist data procurement, and tourist spatio-temporal footprint analysis. This course will enable students to master the application of digital technology in natural heritage sites or tourist destinations through instruction, self-study and exchanges, case analysis, online learning platforms, research teaching and debates.

本课程旨在通过对旅游智慧技术的学习，让学生了解智慧旅游的概况、动态和趋势，掌握HTML语言，对UGC游记网站的网页DOM结构进行分析，运用火车头采集器软件对UGC网站的游记数据进行采集分类，借助基于Python语言的jieba分词软件对游记数据进行处理课程内容及要求。通过案例分析，让学生掌握5G时代的基于手机信令数据的旅游产业监测大数据平台的框架、游客数据采购、游客时空足迹分析等。本课程将通过讲授法、自学交流、案例教学、网络学习平台、研究性教学和辩论会等方式，让学生掌握数字技术在自然遗产地或旅游目的地的运用。

Textbook: Stephen Haag, Maeve Cummings. (2010). Management Information Systems for the Information Age. (Chinese and English original textbook)

教材：信息时代的管理信息系统

Faculty: Jian Gong

教师：龚箭